Dolphin does not currently support hot-recreating the Vulkan device. A patch could be implemented using VK_EXT_device_lost_reset (available on drivers >2023), allowing the emulator to recreate the logical device without full restart.
The best way to resolve this is to work through the fixes from most common/simple to more advanced. Start at the top and test after each step.
Windows kills the GPU driver if a single render task takes >2 seconds (default). You can increase it:
: If you must use Vulkan, try disabling "Dual Core" in the general settings while keeping "Multithread" enabled. This can significantly improve stability. Reduce Enhancements
Fix 4: Increase Windows TDR Delay (Timeout Detection and Recovery)
Update via GeForce Experience or download directly from NVIDIA's site. AMD Users: Update via Adrenalin Edition software.